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    <title>CTET Paper 1 - गणित एवं शिक्षाशास्त्र (Mathematics & Pedagogy) अभ्यास सेट जनरेटर</title>
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        <h1 id="mainTitle"><i class="fas fa-calculator"></i> CTET Paper 1 - गणित एवं शिक्षाशास्त्र (Mathematics & Pedagogy) अभ्यास सेट जनरेटर</h1>
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<script>
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    // =====================================================
    // BILINGUAL QUESTIONS DATABASE (23 TOPICS: 15 Maths + 8 Pedagogy)
    // =====================================================
    const questionBank = {};

    function addQuestions(topicKey, enQ, hiQ) {
        if (!questionBank[topicKey]) questionBank[topicKey] = { en: { level1: [], level2: [], level3: [] }, hi: { level1: [], level2: [], level3: [] } };
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        hiQ.forEach((q, idx) => {
            const levelKey = levels[idx] || 'level1';
            questionBank[topicKey].hi[levelKey].push(q);
        });
    }

    // ----- MATHEMATICS (15) -----
    addQuestions('संख्या पद्धति',
        [
            { question: "Which is a prime number?", options: ["17", "21", "27", "39"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "LCM of 12 and 18 is:", options: ["36", "72", "108", "144"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "5! = ?", options: ["120", "60", "24", "720"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "अभाज्य संख्या कौन सी है?", options: ["17", "21", "27", "39"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "12 और 18 का LCM है:", options: ["36", "72", "108", "144"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "5! = ?", options: ["120", "60", "24", "720"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('गणितीय मूल संक्रियाएँ',
        [
            { question: "123 + 456 = ?", options: ["579", "569", "589", "599"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "1000 - 254 = ?", options: ["746", "756", "736", "766"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "25 × 4 = ?", options: ["80", "100", "120", "90"], answer: "B" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "123 + 456 = ?", options: ["579", "569", "589", "599"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "1000 - 254 = ?", options: ["746", "756", "736", "766"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "25 × 4 = ?", options: ["80", "100", "120", "90"], answer: "B" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य और महत्तम समापवर्तक',
        [
            { question: "HCF of 24 and 36 is:", options: ["12", "6", "18", "24"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "LCM of 4,5,10 is:", options: ["20", "40", "10", "5"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "HCF of 48 and 72 is:", options: ["24", "16", "12", "8"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "24 और 36 का HCF है:", options: ["12", "6", "18", "24"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "4,5,10 का LCM है:", options: ["20", "40", "10", "5"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "48 और 72 का HCF है:", options: ["24", "16", "12", "8"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('मिन्न एवं दशमलव संख्याएँ',
        [
            { question: "1/2 + 1/4 = ?", options: ["3/4", "2/6", "1/6", "2/4"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "2.5 + 3.7 = ?", options: ["6.2", "5.2", "6.5", "5.5"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "3/5 × 2/3 = ?", options: ["2/5", "5/8", "6/15", "1/2"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "1/2 + 1/4 = ?", options: ["3/4", "2/6", "1/6", "2/4"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "2.5 + 3.7 = ?", options: ["6.2", "5.2", "6.5", "5.5"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "3/5 × 2/3 = ?", options: ["2/5", "5/8", "6/15", "1/2"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('वर्ग-वर्गमूल एवं घन-घनमूल',
        [
            { question: "12² = ?", options: ["144", "122", "124", "136"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "√81 = ?", options: ["9", "8", "7", "10"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "5³ = ?", options: ["125", "25", "75", "100"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "12² = ?", options: ["144", "122", "124", "136"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "√81 = ?", options: ["9", "8", "7", "10"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "5³ = ?", options: ["125", "25", "75", "100"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('औसत',
        [
            { question: "Average of 10,20,30 is:", options: ["20", "15", "25", "30"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Average of first 5 natural numbers:", options: ["3", "2", "4", "5"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Sum of 6 numbers with average 10:", options: ["60", "50", "70", "80"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "10,20,30 का औसत है:", options: ["20", "15", "25", "30"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "पहली 5 प्राकृतिक संख्याओं का औसत:", options: ["3", "2", "4", "5"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "6 संख्याओं का औसत 10 है, योग:", options: ["60", "50", "70", "80"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('समय और दूरी',
        [
            { question: "Speed 60 km/h, Time 2h, Distance = ?", options: ["120 km", "30 km", "60 km", "180 km"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Distance 180 km, Speed 60 km/h, Time = ?", options: ["3 h", "2 h", "4 h", "5 h"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Speed 40 km/h, Time 5h, Distance = ?", options: ["200 km", "160 km", "180 km", "220 km"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "गति 60 किमी/घंटा, समय 2 घंटे, दूरी = ?", options: ["120 किमी", "30 किमी", "60 किमी", "180 किमी"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "दूरी 180 किमी, गति 60 किमी/घंटा, समय = ?", options: ["3 घंटे", "2 घंटे", "4 घंटे", "5 घंटे"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "गति 40 किमी/घंटा, समय 5 घंटे, दूरी = ?", options: ["200 किमी", "160 किमी", "180 किमी", "220 किमी"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('ज्यामिति',
        [
            { question: "Sum of angles in a triangle:", options: ["180°", "90°", "360°", "270°"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Sides in a hexagon:", options: ["6", "5", "7", "8"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Area of rectangle 5x4:", options: ["20", "9", "18", "15"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "त्रिभुज के कोणों का योग:", options: ["180°", "90°", "360°", "270°"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "षट्भुज की भुजाएँ:", options: ["6", "5", "7", "8"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "5x4 आयत का क्षेत्रफल:", options: ["20", "9", "18", "15"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('क्षेत्रमिति',
        [
            { question: "Perimeter of square side 5 cm:", options: ["20 cm", "25 cm", "15 cm", "30 cm"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Area of circle radius 7 cm (π=22/7):", options: ["154 sq cm", "44 sq cm", "88 sq cm", "77 sq cm"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Volume of cube side 3 cm:", options: ["27 cu cm", "9 cu cm", "18 cu cm", "36 cu cm"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "5 सेमी भुजा वाले वर्ग का परिमाप:", options: ["20 सेमी", "25 सेमी", "15 सेमी", "30 सेमी"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "7 सेमी त्रिज्या वाले वृत्त का क्षेत्रफल (π=22/7):", options: ["154 वर्ग सेमी", "44 वर्ग सेमी", "88 वर्ग सेमी", "77 वर्ग सेमी"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "3 सेमी भुजा वाले घन का आयतन:", options: ["27 घन सेमी", "9 घन सेमी", "18 घन सेमी", "36 घन सेमी"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('शिक्षायों एवं मापन',
        [
            { question: "1 km = ? m", options: ["1000", "100", "500", "2000"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "1 L = ? mL", options: ["1000", "100", "500", "2000"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "1 kg = ? g", options: ["1000", "100", "500", "2000"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "1 किमी = ? मीटर", options: ["1000", "100", "500", "2000"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "1 लीटर = ? मिलीलीटर", options: ["1000", "100", "500", "2000"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "1 किग्रा = ? ग्राम", options: ["1000", "100", "500", "2000"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('मुद्रा',
        [
            { question: "5 rupees 50 paise in rupees:", options: ["5.50", "5.05", "5.55", "5.00"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "2.75 rupees in paise:", options: ["275", "270", "280", "260"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "8.40 + 3.60 = ?", options: ["12.00", "12.50", "11.00", "13.00"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "5 रुपये 50 पैसे को रुपये में:", options: ["5.50", "5.05", "5.55", "5.00"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "2.75 रुपये को पैसे में:", options: ["275", "270", "280", "260"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "8.40 + 3.60 = ?", options: ["12.00", "12.50", "11.00", "13.00"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('केलेपडर',
        [
            { question: "Days in leap year:", options: ["366", "365", "364", "367"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "10 Mar 2024 Sunday, 17 Mar 2024:", options: ["Sunday", "Monday", "Saturday", "Friday"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Days in Feb 2024:", options: ["29", "28", "30", "31"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "लीप वर्ष में दिन:", options: ["366", "365", "364", "367"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "10 Mar 2024 रविवार, 17 Mar 2024:", options: ["रविवार", "सोमवार", "शनिवार", "शुक्रवार"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "फरवरी 2024 में दिन:", options: ["29", "28", "30", "31"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('घडी और समय सारणी',
        [
            { question: "Angle at 6:00 between hour and minute:", options: ["180°", "90°", "120°", "150°"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "10:15 to 13:45 duration:", options: ["3h 30m", "3h", "4h", "2h 30m"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "45 min = ? seconds", options: ["2700", "1800", "3600", "3000"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "6:00 पर घंटे और मिनट की सुई के बीच कोण:", options: ["180°", "90°", "120°", "150°"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "10:15 से 13:45 तक अवधि:", options: ["3h 30m", "3h", "4h", "2h 30m"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "45 मिनट = ? सेकंड", options: ["2700", "1800", "3600", "3000"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('पेंटन',
        [
            { question: "Next in series: 2,4,6,8,?", options: ["10", "12", "14", "16"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Next: 5,10,15,20,?", options: ["25", "30", "35", "40"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Next: 3,9,27,?", options: ["81", "54", "72", "90"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "श्रृंखला में अगला: 2,4,6,8,?", options: ["10", "12", "14", "16"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "अगला: 5,10,15,20,?", options: ["25", "30", "35", "40"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "अगला: 3,9,27,?", options: ["81", "54", "72", "90"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('सांख्यिकी और आँकड़ा प्रबन्धन',
        [
            { question: "Mean of 2,4,6,8,10:", options: ["6", "5", "7", "8"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Median of 3,5,7,9,11:", options: ["7", "5", "9", "8"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Mode of 2,3,3,4,5,5,5:", options: ["5", "3", "4", "2"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "2,4,6,8,10 का माध्य:", options: ["6", "5", "7", "8"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "3,5,7,9,11 की माध्यिका:", options: ["7", "5", "9", "8"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "2,3,3,4,5,5,5 का बहुलक:", options: ["5", "3", "4", "2"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    // ----- PEDAGOGY (8) -----
    addQuestions('गणित की प्रकृति/ताकिङ्गक सोच',
        [
            { question: "Mathematics is science of:", options: ["Pattern and order", "Nature", "Language", "Art"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Logical thinking involves:", options: ["Reasoning", "Memorization", "Creativity", "Imagination"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Not a characteristic of mathematical thinking:", options: ["Rote memorization", "Abstraction", "Logical reasoning", "Problem solving"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "गणित किसका विज्ञान है?", options: ["पैटर्न और व्यवस्था", "प्रकृति", "भाषा", "कला"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "तार्किक सोच में शामिल है:", options: ["तर्क", "रटना", "रचनात्मकता", "कल्पना"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "गणितीय सोच की विशेषता नहीं:", options: ["रटना", "अमूर्तता", "तार्किक तर्क", "समस्या समाधान"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('पाठ्यक्रम में गणित का स्थान',
        [
            { question: "Math in curriculum develops:", options: ["Logical reasoning", "Physical fitness", "Artistic skills", "Social skills"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Goal of teaching math:", options: ["Problem solving", "Entertainment", "Physical development", "Memorization"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Math helps in:", options: ["Daily life", "Only exams", "Only science", "Only commerce"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "पाठ्यक्रम में गणित विकसित करता है:", options: ["तार्किक तर्क", "शारीरिक फिटनेस", "कलात्मक कौशल", "सामाजिक कौशल"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "गणित शिक्षण का लक्ष्य:", options: ["समस्या समाधान", "मनोरंजन", "शारीरिक विकास", "रटना"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "गणित सहायक है:", options: ["दैनिक जीवन में", "केवल परीक्षा में", "केवल विज्ञान में", "केवल वाणिज्य में"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('गणित की भाषा',
        [
            { question: "Language of mathematics:", options: ["Symbolic and precise", "Vague", "Artistic", "Poetic"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Mathematical symbol:", options: ["+", "&", "@", "#"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Math language helps in:", options: ["Clear communication", "Confusion", "Art", "Music"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "गणित की भाषा है:", options: ["प्रतीकात्मक और सटीक", "अस्पष्ट", "कलात्मक", "काव्यात्मक"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "गणितीय प्रतीक:", options: ["+", "&", "@", "#"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "गणितीय भाषा सहायक है:", options: ["स्पष्ट संचार में", "भ्रम में", "कला में", "संगीत में"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('सामुदायिक गणित',
        [
            { question: "Community math relates to:", options: ["Real life situations", "Abstract theory", "Pure numbers", "Geometry"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Example of community math:", options: ["Budgeting", "Algebra", "Calculus", "Trigonometry"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Community math helps in:", options: ["Practical problem solving", "Theoretical research", "Memorization", "Rote learning"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "सामुदायिक गणित संबंधित है:", options: ["वास्तविक जीवन स्थितियों से", "अमूर्त सिद्धांत से", "शुद्ध संख्याओं से", "ज्यामिति से"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "सामुदायिक गणित का उदाहरण:", options: ["बजट बनाना", "बीजगणित", "कैलकुलस", "त्रिकोणमिति"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "सामुदायिक गणित सहायक है:", options: ["व्यावहारिक समस्या समाधान में", "सैद्धांतिक शोध में", "रटने में", "कंठस्थीकरण में"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('मूल्यांकन',
        [
            { question: "Evaluation in math is:", options: ["Continuous process", "One time event", "Only written test", "Only oral test"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Formative assessment is:", options: ["During instruction", "At end", "At beginning", "After exams"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Summative assessment aims to:", options: ["Assign grades", "Improve learning", "Diagnose difficulties", "Plan instruction"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "गणित में मूल्यांकन है:", options: ["सतत प्रक्रिया", "एक बार की घटना", "केवल लिखित परीक्षा", "केवल मौखिक परीक्षा"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "रचनात्मक मूल्यांकन है:", options: ["शिक्षण के दौरान", "अंत में", "शुरुआत में", "परीक्षा के बाद"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "योगात्मक मूल्यांकन का उद्देश्य:", options: ["ग्रेड देना", "सीखने में सुधार", "कठिनाइयों का निदान", "शिक्षण की योजना"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('निर्दानात्मक एवं उपचारात्मक शिक्षण',
        [
            { question: "Diagnostic teaching identifies:", options: ["Learning difficulties", "Talents", "Physical abilities", "Interests"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Remedial teaching aims to:", options: ["Correct errors", "Punish", "Ignore", "Skip topics"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Diagnostic test is:", options: ["Specific", "General", "Comprehensive", "Standardized"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "निर्देशात्मक शिक्षण पहचानता है:", options: ["अधिगम की कठिनाइयाँ", "प्रतिभाएँ", "शारीरिक क्षमताएँ", "रुचियाँ"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "उपचारात्मक शिक्षण का उद्देश्य:", options: ["त्रुटियों को सुधारना", "दंड देना", "अनदेखा करना", "विषय छोड़ना"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "निर्देशात्मक परीक्षण है:", options: ["विशिष्ट", "सामान्य", "व्यापक", "मानकीकृत"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('शिक्षण में समस्याएँ',
        [
            { question: "Major problem in math teaching:", options: ["Lack of conceptual understanding", "Too many books", "Less time", "More teachers"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Challenge in teaching math:", options: ["Student anxiety", "High interest", "Good resources", "Motivated students"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Classroom management issue:", options: ["Diverse learning levels", "Same level", "Perfect behavior", "Full attendance"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "गणित शिक्षण में प्रमुख समस्या:", options: ["अवधारणात्मक समझ की कमी", "बहुत अधिक पुस्तकें", "कम समय", "अधिक शिक्षक"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "गणित शिक्षण में चुनौती:", options: ["छात्रों की चिंता", "उच्च रुचि", "अच्छे संसाधन", "प्रेरित छात्र"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "कक्षा प्रबंधन की समस्या:", options: ["विविध अधिगम स्तर", "समान स्तर", "परिपूर्ण व्यवहार", "पूर्ण उपस्थिति"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    addQuestions('द्वितीय विश्लेषण और सीखने और सिखाने के सम्बन्धित पहलू',
        [
            { question: "Error analysis helps in:", options: ["Identifying misconceptions", "Punishing", "Ignoring mistakes", "Testing memory"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Common error in math:", options: ["Misplacing decimal", "Correct placement", "Right method", "Perfect answer"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "Error analysis useful for:", options: ["Remedial planning", "Ignoring", "Rote learning", "Standardized tests"], answer: "A" }
        ],
        [
            { question: "त्रुटि विश्लेषण सहायक है:", options: ["गलत धारणाओं की पहचान में", "दंड देने में", "गलतियों को अनदेखा करने में", "स्मरण शक्ति परीक्षण में"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "गणित में सामान्य त्रुटि:", options: ["दशमलव गलत रखना", "सही रखना", "सही विधि", "परिपूर्ण उत्तर"], answer: "A" },
            { question: "त्रुटि विश्लेषण उपयोगी है:", options: ["उपचारात्मक योजना के लिए", "अनदेखी के लिए", "रटने के लिए", "मानकीकृत परीक्षण के लिए"], answer: "A" }
        ]
    );

    // =====================================================
    // TOPIC KEYS & BILINGUAL NAMES
    // =====================================================
    const topicKeys = [
        "संख्या पद्धति",
        "गणितीय मूल संक्रियाएँ",
        "लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य और महत्तम समापवर्तक",
        "मिन्न एवं दशमलव संख्याएँ",
        "वर्ग-वर्गमूल एवं घन-घनमूल",
        "औसत",
        "समय और दूरी",
        "ज्यामिति",
        "क्षेत्रमिति",
        "शिक्षायों एवं मापन",
        "मुद्रा",
        "केलेपडर",
        "घडी और समय सारणी",
        "पेंटन",
        "सांख्यिकी और आँकड़ा प्रबन्धन",
        "गणित की प्रकृति/ताकिङ्गक सोच",
        "पाठ्यक्रम में गणित का स्थान",
        "गणित की भाषा",
        "सामुदायिक गणित",
        "मूल्यांकन",
        "निर्दानात्मक एवं उपचारात्मक शिक्षण",
        "शिक्षण में समस्याएँ",
        "द्वितीय विश्लेषण और सीखने और सिखाने के सम्बन्धित पहलू"
    ];

    const topicNames = {
        hi: [
            "संख्या पद्धति",
            "गणितीय मूल संक्रियाएँ",
            "लघुत्तम समापवर्त्य और महत्तम समापवर्तक",
            "मिन्न एवं दशमलव संख्याएँ",
            "वर्ग-वर्गमूल एवं घन-घनमूल",
            "औसत",
            "समय और दूरी",
            "ज्यामिति",
            "क्षेत्रमिति",
            "शिक्षायों एवं मापन",
            "मुद्रा",
            "केलेपडर",
            "घडी और समय सारणी",
            "पेंटन",
            "सांख्यिकी और आँकड़ा प्रबन्धन",
            "गणित की प्रकृति/ताकिङ्गक सोच",
            "पाठ्यक्रम में गणित का स्थान",
            "गणित की भाषा",
            "सामुदायिक गणित",
            "मूल्यांकन",
            "निर्दानात्मक एवं उपचारात्मक शिक्षण",
            "शिक्षण में समस्याएँ",
            "द्वितीय विश्लेषण और सीखने और सिखाने के सम्बन्धित पहलू"
        ],
        en: [
            "Number System",
            "Mathematical Operations",
            "L.C.M. and H.C.F.",
            "Fractions and Decimal Numbers",
            "Square-Square Root and Cube-Cube Root",
            "Average",
            "Time and Distance",
            "Geometry",
            "Mensuration",
            "Units and Measurement",
            "Money",
            "Calendar",
            "Clock and Time Table",
            "Pattern",
            "Statistics & Data Handling",
            "Nature of Mathematics/Logical Thinking",
            "Place of Mathematics in Curriculum",
            "Language of Mathematics",
            "Community Mathematics",
            "Evaluation",
            "Diagnostic and Remedial Teaching",
            "Problems of Teaching",
            "Error Analysis and Related Aspects of Learning and Teaching"
        ]
    };

    function getTopicDisplay(key, lang) {
        const idx = topicKeys.indexOf(key);
        if (idx === -1) return key;
        return topicNames[lang][idx] || key;
    }

    // =====================================================
    // UI TRANSLATIONS
    // =====================================================
    const uiText = {
        hi: {
            mainTitle: "➕ CTET Paper 1 - गणित एवं शिक्षाशास्त्र (Mathematics & Pedagogy) अभ्यास सेट जनरेटर",
            mainSubtitle: "CTET प्राथमिक स्तर की परीक्षा हेतु गणित, गणितीय अवधारणाएँ एवं शिक्षण विधियों का विषयवार अभ्यास",
            startTitle: "➕ गणित एवं शिक्षाशास्त्र - अभ्यास सेट जनरेटर",
            startDesc: "CTET Paper 1 हेतु गणित, गणितीय अवधारणाएँ, समस्या समाधान एवं शिक्षण विधियों का विस्तृत अभ्यास सेट तैयार करें",
            startBtn: "अभ्यास सेट बनाना शुरू करें",
            practiceTypeTitle: "अभ्यास का प्रकार चुनें",
            practiceTypeDesc: "अपनी तैयारी के अनुसार अभ्यास सेट चुनें:",
            optChapterTitle: "विषयानुसार अभ्यास",
            optChapterDesc: "किसी विशेष विषय का गहन अभ्यास करें",
            optFullTitle: "पूर्ण लंबाई टेस्ट",
            optFullDesc: "CTET पैटर्न पर आधारित 50 प्रश्नों का सेट",
            optPrevTitle: "पिछले वर्षों के प्रश्न",
            optPrevDesc: "पिछली TET परीक्षाओं पर आधारित प्रश्न",
            backStartBtn: "पीछे जाएं",
            proceedBtn: "विषय चुनें →",
            chapterTitle: "📚 गणित एवं शिक्षाशास्त्र - विषय चुनें",
            qCountTitle: "प्रश्नों की संख्या चुनें",
            backPracticeBtn: "पीछे",
            generateAssignBtn: "कठिनाई स्तर चुनें →",
            levelTitle: "कठिनाई स्तर चुनें",
            levelDesc: "CTET परीक्षा के अनुसार स्तर चुनें:",
            l1Title: "Level 1",
            l1Sub: "बुनियादी (प्रारंभिक)",
            l2Title: "Level 2",
            l2Sub: "मध्यम (TET स्तर)",
            l3Title: "Level 3",
            l3Sub: "उच्च (शिक्षक पात्रता)",
            timerTitle: "समय सीमा चुनें",
            t30: "30 मिनट",
            t45: "45 मिनट",
            t60: "60 मिनट",
            t90: "90 मिनट",
            backChaptersBtn: "विषयों पर वापस",
            generateFinalBtn: "अभ्यास सेट जनरेट करें",
            langLabel: "हिंदी",
            fullPaper: "सभी विषय (पूर्ण पाठ्यक्रम - 23 अध्याय)",
            noTopicAlert: "कृपया कम से कम एक विषय चुनें!",
            noLevelAlert: "कृपया कठिनाई स्तर चुनें!",
            noPracticeAlert: "कृपया अभ्यास का प्रकार चुनें!",
            instructions: "📌 निर्देश:",
            inst1: "इस सेट में {count} बहुविकल्पीय प्रश्न हैं।",
            inst2: "प्रत्येक प्रश्न के चार विकल्प, केवल एक सही।",
            inst3: "समय सीमा: {time} मिनट",
            inst4: "CTET Paper 1 (प्राथमिक स्तर) गणित एवं शिक्षाशास्त्र हेतु अभ्यास।",
            inst5: "प्रत्येक प्रश्न 1 अंक का है, कोई निगेटिव मार्किंग नहीं।",
            mcqHeading: "➕ गणित एवं शिक्षाशास्त्र (Mathematics & Pedagogy) प्रश्न",
            answerKey: "✅ उत्तर कुंजी (Answer Key)",
            qNo: "प्रश्न क्र.",
            ans: "उत्तर",
            print: "प्रिंट करें",
            download: "PDF डाउनलोड करें",
            newSet: "नया अभ्यास सेट",
            subjectLabel: "गणित एवं शिक्षाशास्त्र",
            noQuestions: "प्रश्न उपलब्ध नहीं हैं। कृपया अन्य विषय चुनें।"
        },
        en: {
            mainTitle: "➕ CTET Paper 1 - Mathematics and Pedagogy (Maths & Pedagogy) Practice Set Generator",
            mainSubtitle: "Topic-wise practice for Mathematics, Mathematical Concepts, Problem Solving & Teaching Methods for CTET Primary Level",
            startTitle: "➕ Mathematics and Pedagogy - Practice Set Generator",
            startDesc: "Create comprehensive practice sets for CTET Paper 1 covering Mathematics, Arithmetic, Geometry, Data Handling and Pedagogy",
            startBtn: "Start Creating Practice Set",
            practiceTypeTitle: "Select Practice Type",
            practiceTypeDesc: "Choose practice set according to your preparation:",
            optChapterTitle: "Chapter-wise Practice",
            optChapterDesc: "Deep practice of a specific topic",
            optFullTitle: "Full Length Test",
            optFullDesc: "50 question set based on CTET pattern",
            optPrevTitle: "Previous Year Questions",
            optPrevDesc: "Questions based on previous TET exams",
            backStartBtn: "Back",
            proceedBtn: "Select Topics →",
            chapterTitle: "📚 Mathematics and Pedagogy - Select Topics",
            qCountTitle: "Select Number of Questions",
            backPracticeBtn: "Back",
            generateAssignBtn: "Select Difficulty →",
            levelTitle: "Select Difficulty Level",
            levelDesc: "Choose level according to CTET exam:",
            l1Title: "Level 1",
            l1Sub: "Basic (Introductory)",
            l2Title: "Level 2",
            l2Sub: "Medium (TET Level)",
            l3Title: "Level 3",
            l3Sub: "Advanced (Teacher Eligibility)",
            timerTitle: "Select Time Limit",
            t30: "30 min",
            t45: "45 min",
            t60: "60 min",
            t90: "90 min",
            backChaptersBtn: "Back to Topics",
            generateFinalBtn: "Generate Practice Set",
            langLabel: "English",
            fullPaper: "All Topics (Full Syllabus - 23 Chapters)",
            noTopicAlert: "Please select at least one topic!",
            noLevelAlert: "Please select a difficulty level!",
            noPracticeAlert: "Please select a practice type!",
            instructions: "📌 Instructions:",
            inst1: "This set has {count} multiple choice questions.",
            inst2: "Each question has four options, only one is correct.",
            inst3: "Time limit: {time} minutes",
            inst4: "For CTET Paper 1 (Primary Level) Mathematics and Pedagogy practice.",
            inst5: "Each question carries 1 mark, no negative marking.",
            mcqHeading: "➕ Mathematics and Pedagogy (Maths & Pedagogy) Questions",
            answerKey: "✅ Answer Key",
            qNo: "Q. No.",
            ans: "Answer",
            print: "Print",
            download: "Download PDF",
            newSet: "New Practice Set",
            subjectLabel: "Mathematics and Pedagogy",
            noQuestions: "Questions not available. Please select other topics."
        }
    };

    // =====================================================
    // DOM REFS & STATE
    // =====================================================
    const langToggleBtn = document.getElementById('langToggleBtn');
    const langLabel = document.getElementById('langLabel');
    let currentLang = 'hi';

    const startContainer = document.getElementById('startContainer');
    const startScreen = document.getElementById('startScreen');
    const practiceTypeSelection = document.getElementById('practiceTypeSelection');
    const chapterSelection = document.getElementById('chapterSelection');
    const levelSelection = document.getElementById('levelSelection');
    const generatedPaperContainer = document.getElementById('generatedPaperContainer');
    
    const startGeneratingBtn = document.getElementById('startGeneratingBtn');
    const backToStartBtn = document.getElementById('backToStartBtn');
    const proceedToChaptersBtn = document.getElementById('proceedToChaptersBtn');
    const backToPracticeTypeBtn = document.getElementById('backToPracticeTypeBtn');
    const generateAssignmentBtn = document.getElementById('generateAssignmentBtn');
    const backToChaptersBtn = document.getElementById('backToChaptersBtn');
    const generateFinalBtn = document.getElementById('generateFinalBtn');
    const level1Btn = document.getElementById('level1Btn');
    const level2Btn = document.getElementById('level2Btn');
    const level3Btn = document.getElementById('level3Btn');
    const decreaseCount = document.getElementById('decreaseCount');
    const increaseCount = document.getElementById('increaseCount');
    const questionCountSpan = document.getElementById('questionCount');
    const homeIconBtn = document.getElementById('homeIconBtn');
    
    let selectedTopics = [];
    let selectedLevel = null;
    let selectedPracticeType = null;
    let questionCount = 50;
    let timeLimit = 60;

    // =====================================================
    // UI LANGUAGE APPLICATION
    // =====================================================
    function applyUILanguage(lang) {
        const t = uiText[lang];
        document.getElementById('mainTitle').textContent = t.mainTitle;
        document.getElementById('mainSubtitle').textContent = t.mainSubtitle;
        document.getElementById('startTitle').textContent = t.startTitle;
        document.getElementById('startDesc').textContent = t.startDesc;
        document.getElementById('startBtnText').textContent = t.startBtn;
        document.getElementById('practiceTypeTitle').textContent = t.practiceTypeTitle;
        document.getElementById('practiceTypeDesc').textContent = t.practiceTypeDesc;
        document.getElementById('optChapterTitle').textContent = t.optChapterTitle;
        document.getElementById('optChapterDesc').textContent = t.optChapterDesc;
        document.getElementById('optFullTitle').textContent = t.optFullTitle;
        document.getElementById('optFullDesc').textContent = t.optFullDesc;
        document.getElementById('optPrevTitle').textContent = t.optPrevTitle;
        document.getElementById('optPrevDesc').textContent = t.optPrevDesc;
        document.getElementById('backStartBtnText').textContent = t.backStartBtn;
        document.getElementById('proceedBtnText').textContent = t.proceedBtn;
        document.getElementById('chapterTitle').textContent = t.chapterTitle;
        document.getElementById('qCountTitle').textContent = t.qCountTitle;
        document.getElementById('backPracticeBtnText').textContent = t.backPracticeBtn;
        document.getElementById('generateAssignBtnText').textContent = t.generateAssignBtn;
        document.getElementById('levelTitle').textContent = t.levelTitle;
        document.getElementById('levelDesc').textContent = t.levelDesc;
        document.getElementById('l1Title').textContent = t.l1Title;
        document.getElementById('l1Sub').textContent = t.l1Sub;
        document.getElementById('l2Title').textContent = t.l2Title;
        document.getElementById('l2Sub').textContent = t.l2Sub;
        document.getElementById('l3Title').textContent = t.l3Title;
        document.getElementById('l3Sub').textContent = t.l3Sub;
        document.getElementById('timerTitle').textContent = t.timerTitle;
        document.getElementById('t30').textContent = t.t30;
        document.getElementById('t45').textContent = t.t45;
        document.getElementById('t60').textContent = t.t60;
        document.getElementById('t90').textContent = t.t90;
        document.getElementById('backChaptersBtnText').textContent = t.backChaptersBtn;
        document.getElementById('generateFinalBtnText').textContent = t.generateFinalBtn;
        langLabel.textContent = t.langLabel;
        
        // Reload topics to update labels
        loadTopics();
        
        // If paper is already generated, re-render
        if (!generatedPaperContainer.classList.contains('hidden')) {
            if (selectedTopics.length > 0 && selectedLevel) {
                generatePaper(selectedTopics, selectedLevel, currentLang);
            }
        }
    }

    // Language toggle
    langToggleBtn.addEventListener('click', function() {
        currentLang = (currentLang === 'hi') ? 'en' : 'hi';
        applyUILanguage(currentLang);
    });

    // =====================================================
    // CORE LOGIC
    // =====================================================
    function loadTopics() {
        const container = document.getElementById('mathTopicsContainer');
        const t = uiText[currentLang];
        const fullPaperLabel = (currentLang === 'hi') ? "✅ सभी विषय (पूर्ण पाठ्यक्रम - 23 अध्याय)" : "✅ All Topics (Full Syllabus - 23 Chapters)";
        container.innerHTML = `<div class="checkbox-item"><input type="checkbox" id="fullPaper" name="topic" value="सभी विषय"><label for="fullPaper">${fullPaperLabel}</label></div>`;
        topicKeys.forEach((key, idx) => {
            const id = `topic${idx}`;
            const displayName = getTopicDisplay(key, currentLang);
            container.innerHTML += `<div class="checkbox-item"><input type="checkbox" id="${id}" name="topic" value="${key}"><label for="${id}">➕ ${displayName}</label></div>`;
        });
        document.getElementById('fullPaper')?.addEventListener('change', (e) => {
            const checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll('input[name="topic"]:not(#fullPaper)');
            checkboxes.forEach(cb => cb.disabled = e.target.checked);
            if(e.target.checked) checkboxes.forEach(cb => cb.checked = false);
        });
    }

    function getSelectedTopics() {
        const full = document.getElementById('fullPaper');
        if(full && full.checked) return [...topicKeys];
        return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('input[name="topic"]:checked')).filter(cb => cb.id !== 'fullPaper').map(cb => cb.value);
    }

    function getRandomQuestions(topics, level, count, lang) {
        let allQuestions = [];
        topics.forEach(topic => {
            if(questionBank[topic] && questionBank[topic][lang] && questionBank[topic][lang][`level${level}`]) {
                allQuestions = allQuestions.concat(questionBank[topic][lang][`level${level}`]);
            }
        });
        if(allQuestions.length === 0) {
            const t = uiText[lang];
            return Array(count).fill({ question: t.noQuestions, options: ["A", "B", "C", "D"], answer: "A" });
        }
        allQuestions = allQuestions.sort(() => Math.random() - 0.5);
        return allQuestions.slice(0, Math.min(count, allQuestions.length));
    }

    function showPracticeTypeSelection() { startScreen.classList.add('hidden'); practiceTypeSelection.classList.remove('hidden'); }
    function backToStart() {
        generatedPaperContainer.classList.add('hidden');
        startContainer.classList.remove('hidden');
        practiceTypeSelection.classList.add('hidden');
        chapterSelection.classList.add('hidden');
        levelSelection.classList.add('hidden');
        startScreen.classList.remove('hidden');
        selectedTopics = []; selectedLevel = null; selectedPracticeType = null; questionCount = 50; timeLimit = 60;
        questionCountSpan.textContent = "50";
        document.querySelectorAll('.option-card').forEach(c => c.classList.remove('selected'));
        document.querySelectorAll('.timer-btn').forEach(b => b.classList.remove('selected'));
        if(document.querySelector('.timer-btn[data-time="60"]')) document.querySelector('.timer-btn[data-time="60"]').classList.add('selected');
        level1Btn.classList.remove('selected'); level2Btn.classList.remove('selected'); level3Btn.classList.remove('selected');
    }
    function backToPracticeType() { chapterSelection.classList.add('hidden'); practiceTypeSelection.classList.remove('hidden'); }
    function backToChapters() { levelSelection.classList.add('hidden'); chapterSelection.classList.remove('hidden'); }
    function showChapters() { 
        const t = uiText[currentLang];
        if(!selectedPracticeType) { alert(t.noPracticeAlert); return; } 
        practiceTypeSelection.classList.add('hidden'); 
        chapterSelection.classList.remove('hidden'); 
        loadTopics(); 
    }
    function showLevelSelection() { 
        const t = uiText[currentLang];
        selectedTopics = getSelectedTopics(); 
        if(selectedTopics.length === 0) { alert(t.noTopicAlert); return; } 
        chapterSelection.classList.add('hidden'); 
        levelSelection.classList.remove('hidden'); 
    }
    function selectLevel(level) { 
        level1Btn.classList.remove('selected'); 
        level2Btn.classList.remove('selected'); 
        level3Btn.classList.remove('selected'); 
        document.getElementById(`level${level}Btn`).classList.add('selected'); 
        selectedLevel = level; 
    }
    level1Btn.onclick = () => selectLevel(1); 
    level2Btn.onclick = () => selectLevel(2); 
    level3Btn.onclick = () => selectLevel(3);
    decreaseCount.onclick = () => { if(questionCount > 10) { questionCount -= 5; questionCountSpan.textContent = questionCount; } };
    increaseCount.onclick = () => { if(questionCount < 100) { questionCount += 5; questionCountSpan.textContent = questionCount; } };
    
    document.querySelectorAll('.option-card').forEach(card => {
        card.addEventListener('click', () => {
            document.querySelectorAll('.option-card').forEach(c => c.classList.remove('selected'));
            card.classList.add('selected');
            selectedPracticeType = card.dataset.type;
            if(selectedPracticeType === 'full-length') { questionCount = 50; questionCountSpan.textContent = "50"; }
            else if(selectedPracticeType === 'previous-year') { questionCount = 45; questionCountSpan.textContent = "45"; }
        });
    });
    document.querySelectorAll('.timer-btn').forEach(btn => {
        btn.addEventListener('click', () => { document.querySelectorAll('.timer-btn').forEach(b => b.classList.remove('selected')); btn.classList.add('selected'); timeLimit = parseInt(btn.dataset.time); });
    });

    function getPracticeTypeName(type, lang) {
        const t = uiText[lang];
        if(type === 'chapter-wise') return '📖 ' + t.optChapterTitle;
        if(type === 'full-length') return '📝 ' + t.optFullTitle;
        if(type === 'previous-year') return '⏳ ' + t.optPrevTitle;
        return '➕ ' + t.subjectLabel;
    }

    function generatePaper(topics, level, lang) {
        const t = uiText[lang];
        const mcqs = getRandomQuestions(topics, level, questionCount, lang);
        let paperHTML = `
            <div class="header" style="background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0088cc, #006699);">
                <h2>➕ CTET Paper 1 - ${t.subjectLabel} अभ्यास सेट</h2>
                <h3>${getPracticeTypeName(selectedPracticeType, lang)}</h3>
                <p>${level === 1 ? t.l1Title : level === 2 ? t.l2Title : t.l3Title} - ${level === 1 ? t.l1Sub : level === 2 ? t.l2Sub : t.l3Sub} | समय: ${timeLimit} मिनट</p>
                <p>कुल प्रश्न: ${questionCount}</p>
            </div>
            <div class="content-area">
                <div class="instructions">
                    <p><strong>${t.instructions}</strong></p>
                    <ol>
                        <li>${t.inst1.replace('{count}', questionCount)}</li>
                        <li>${t.inst2}</li>
                        <li>${t.inst3.replace('{time}', timeLimit)}</li>
                        <li>${t.inst4}</li>
                        <li>${t.inst5}</li>
                    </ol>
                </div>
                <div class="question-section">
                    <div class="section-heading" style="font-size:1.2rem; font-weight:bold; margin-bottom:15px;">${t.mcqHeading}</div>`;
        let qNum = 1;
        mcqs.forEach(mcq => {
            paperHTML += `<div class="question"><div class="question-text">${qNum}. ${mcq.question}</div><div class="option">A. ${mcq.options[0]}</div><div class="option">B. ${mcq.options[1]}</div><div class="option">C. ${mcq.options[2]}</div><div class="option">D. ${mcq.options[3]}</div></div>`;
            qNum++;
        });
        paperHTML += `</div><div class="answer-sheet"><h3 class="section-title">${t.answerKey}</h3><table class="answer-table"><thead><tr><th>${t.qNo}</th><th>${t.ans}</th><th>${t.qNo}</th><th>${t.ans}</th><th>${t.qNo}</th><th>${t.ans}</th></tr></thead><tbody>`;
        for(let i=0; i<mcqs.length; i+=3) {
            paperHTML += `<tr>`;
            for(let j=0; j<3; j++) {
                if(i+j < mcqs.length) paperHTML += `<td>${i+j+1}</td><td>${mcqs[i+j].answer}</td>`;
                else paperHTML += `<td></td><td></td>`;
            }
            paperHTML += `</tr>`;
        }
        paperHTML += `</tbody></table></div><div class="action-buttons"><button class="btn btn-primary" id="printBtn"><i class="fas fa-print"></i> ${t.print}</button><button class="btn btn-success" id="downloadBtn"><i class="fas fa-download"></i> ${t.download}</button><button class="btn btn-danger" id="newAssignmentBtn"><i class="fas fa-plus"></i> ${t.newSet}</button></div></div>`;
        generatedPaperContainer.innerHTML = paperHTML;
        generatedPaperContainer.classList.remove('hidden');
        startContainer.classList.add('hidden');
        document.getElementById('printBtn')?.addEventListener('click', () => window.print());
        document.getElementById('downloadBtn')?.addEventListener('click', downloadPDF);
        document.getElementById('newAssignmentBtn')?.addEventListener('click', () => backToStart());
    }

    async function downloadPDF() {
        const element = document.getElementById('generatedPaperContainer');
        const tempDiv = document.createElement('div');
        tempDiv.style.position = 'absolute'; tempDiv.style.left = '-9999px'; tempDiv.style.width = '794px'; tempDiv.style.backgroundColor = 'white'; tempDiv.style.padding = '20px';
        tempDiv.innerHTML = element.innerHTML;
        document.body.appendChild(tempDiv);
        try {
            const pdf = new jsPDF('p', 'mm', 'a4');
            const pageWidth = pdf.internal.pageSize.getWidth() - 25.4;
            let position = 12.7;
            let remainingHeight = tempDiv.scrollHeight;
            let pageNum = 1;
            while (remainingHeight > 0) {
                const canvas = await html2canvas(tempDiv, { scale: 1.5, backgroundColor: '#ffffff' });
                const imgData = canvas.toDataURL('image/jpeg', 0.92);
                if(pageNum > 1) pdf.addPage();
                pdf.addImage(imgData, 'JPEG', 12.7, 12.7, pageWidth, canvas.height * pageWidth / canvas.width);
                position += 277;
                remainingHeight -= 277 * 3.78;
                pageNum++;
            }
            pdf.save('CTET_Maths_Pedagogy_Practice_Set.pdf');
        } catch(e) { console.error(e); alert("PDF generation error"); }
        finally { if(tempDiv) document.body.removeChild(tempDiv); }
    }

    // =====================================================
    // EVENT BINDINGS
    // =====================================================
    startGeneratingBtn.onclick = showPracticeTypeSelection;
    backToStartBtn.onclick = backToStart;
    proceedToChaptersBtn.onclick = showChapters;
    backToPracticeTypeBtn.onclick = backToPracticeType;
    generateAssignmentBtn.onclick = showLevelSelection;
    backToChaptersBtn.onclick = backToChapters;
    generateFinalBtn.onclick = function() {
        const t = uiText[currentLang];
        if(!selectedLevel) { alert(t.noLevelAlert); return; }
        generatePaper(selectedTopics, selectedLevel, currentLang);
    };
    homeIconBtn.onclick = backToStart;

    // Default timer selection
    document.querySelector('.timer-btn[data-time="60"]')?.classList.add('selected');

    // Initial load
    applyUILanguage('hi');
</script>
</body>
</html>